How to prevent and treat gingivitis and periodontitis?
The health of our gums is a crucial aspect of oral hygiene and overall health. Problems such as gingivitis and periodontitis are more common than we think, and if not treated on time, they can lead to serious complications, such as tooth loss or systemic problems.
1. What are gingivitis and periodontitis?
1.1. Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the initial stage of periodontal disease and is characterized by inflammation of the gums. It is caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque at the gumline due to poor oral hygiene.
Main symptoms of gingivitis:
- Red and inflamed gums.
- Bleeding when brushing or using dental floss.
- Persistent bad breath (halitosis).
- Gums sensitive to touch.
Gingivitis is reversible if detected and treated on time, but if ignored, it can progress to periodontitis, a much more serious disease.
1.2. Periodontitis
Periodontitis is an advanced infection that affects not only the gums but also the supporting tissues of the teeth, such as the ligaments and alveolar bone. At this stage of the disease, tooth loss can be irreversible.
Symptoms of periodontitis:
- Receding gums exposing part of the tooth root.
- Bone loss and tooth mobility.
- Spaces between the teeth due to gum recession.
- Severe and persistent bad breath.
- Pus between the teeth and gums.
Periodontitis requires urgent professional treatment to stop its progression and save the affected teeth.
2. Causes of gingivitis and periodontitis
The main cause of both diseases is the accumulation of bacterial plaque on the teeth and gums, but other factors can increase the risk:
- Poor oral hygiene: The lack of brushing and flossing allows bacterial plaque to accumulate and turn into tartar.
- Tobacco use: Tobacco reduces the gums' ability to regenerate and slows healing.
- Unhealthy diet: Excess sugar and lack of essential nutrients weaken the immune system and promote bacterial growth.
- Stress: Stress affects the immune system, reducing the body's ability to fight infections.
- Hormonal changes: During pregnancy, puberty, or menopause, gums may become more sensitive to bacteria.
- Uncontrolled diabetes: Increases the risk of gum infections and slows their healing.
- Medications: Some medications may reduce saliva production, facilitating bacterial growth.
3. Prevention of gingivitis and periodontitis
Prevention is the best strategy to avoid these diseases. Following a good oral hygiene routine and making regular visits to the dentist are essential:
3.1. Proper brushing
- Brush your teeth at least twice a day for two minutes.
- Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and make gentle, circular movements.
- Change your toothbrush every 3 months or when the bristles are worn.
3.2. Use of dental floss
Dental floss removes plaque and food debris between the teeth and under the gumline.
Tip: Use dental floss at least once a day, preferably before bed.
3.3. Mouthwash
Using mouthwash with antibacterial properties helps reduce bacterial buildup and maintain healthy gums.
3.4. Healthy diet
- Reduce consumption of sugary foods and refined carbohydrates.
- Include foods rich in vitamin C (citrus) and calcium (dairy products) to strengthen teeth and gums.
3.5. Avoid tobacco
Quitting smoking is essential for gum health, as tobacco reduces healing ability and worsens periodontal diseases.
3.6. Visits to the dentist
Visit your dentist at least every 6 months for:
- Professional cleanings to remove accumulated tartar.
- Evaluations to detect early signs of gingivitis or periodontitis.
4. Treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis
Treatment will depend on the stage of the disease:
4.1. Treatment of gingivitis
Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and professional treatment:
- Professional cleaning: The dentist performs a cleaning to remove plaque and tartar.
- Oral hygiene instruction: The dentist teaches brushing techniques and how to use dental floss.
- Special mouthwashes and toothpastes: Antibacterial products to reduce inflammation.
4.2. Treatment of periodontitis
Periodontitis requires a deeper approach:
- Root scaling and planing: Tartar accumulated below the gumline is removed and the roots are smoothed to prevent further plaque buildup.
- Periodontal surgery: In severe cases, surgery is performed to regenerate lost tissue or reduce periodontal pockets.
- Periodontal maintenance: Regular follow-ups to control the disease and prevent its recurrence.
5. Additional tips for healthy gums
- Drink plenty of water to stimulate saliva production.
- Chew crunchy, healthy foods like carrots or apples.
- Perform regular self-evaluations to detect signs of inflammation or bleeding.
6. Conclusion
Gingivitis and periodontitis are common oral problems that can be prevented with proper hygiene habits and regular dental checkups. Detecting symptoms early is essential to prevent these diseases from progressing and affecting overall health.
Do not ignore bleeding gums or pain when brushing. If you notice any signs of inflammation, consult your dentist as soon as possible. With proper care and professional treatment, it is possible to maintain healthy gums and a strong, functional smile throughout life. Your oral health is worth it!